% LAST CHANGED (From most recent):
%
% ABC 2/29/00: Changed every occurence of year field.or.null to eliminate the 
%	       purify$ function. This will allow \cite to pick up _all_ of 
%              the information in the BibTeX year= field. Specifically done for
%              the case when, for example, year = "1986--1987".
%
% ABC 6/22/98: Changed the MANUAL function to not print the organization twice
%              when there is no author and no editor.
% ABC 4/8/98: Changed "Ph.\ D." to "Ph.D." in FUNCTION{phdthesis} to conform
%             to Turabian (and also to avoid a line break in the middle). 
%
% ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
%
% The following is a BibTeX ``bst'' file. It is a modified version of the
% ``chicago.bst'' file (roughly following the Chicago Manual of Style)
% and should be run with the following preamble command : 
% ``\usepackage{au-cms}'' (uses au-cms.sty). 
% For original comments, see lines below begining with a double percent sign.
%
% MODIFICATIONS (search on ABC):
%
% 1) Enclosed title in double qotes (for articles, incollection, booklet, 	
%    master's thesis, miscelaneous, inproceedings, techreport, and unpublished).  
%    To open quotes I appended "``" to the begining of ``title'' in
%    FUNCTION{format.title}. To close quotes I created the following fundtions:
%    outputcq, outputcq.check, outputcq.nonnull, fincq.entry.
% 
% 2) Changed ``(Ed.)'' and ``(Eds.)'' to ``, ed.'' and ``, eds.''. Modified 
%    FUNCTIONs format.editors.fml and format.editors.
%
% NOTE:
%
% Make sure to test whatever modifications you make to this file on ``xampl.bib''
% which comes with the BibTeX distribution. You will be amazed at how much of what
% you thought worked really doesn't.
%
%
% AUTHOR:
%
% Alan Cibils (acibils@american.edu). While it is true that I modified the code,
% this is an as-is distribution which means that if there are any problems, you
% are basically on your own. I might respond to consultations, but there is no
% guarantee. Good luck!
%
%
%% ORIGINAL COMMENTS:
%% ====================================================================
%%  @BibTeX-style-file{
%%     author          = "Glenn Paulley",
%%     version         = "4",
%%     date            = "28 August 1992",
%%     time            = "10:23:39 199",
%%     filename        = "chicago.bst",
%%     address         = "Data Structuring Group
%%                        Department of Computer Science
%%                        University of Waterloo
%%                        Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
%%                        N2L 3G1",
%%     telephone       = "(519) 885-1211",
%%     FAX             = "(519) 885-1208",
%%     checksum        = "26323 1654 5143 37417",
%%     email           = "gnpaulle@bluebox.uwaterloo.ca",
%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%     keywords        = "",
%%     supported       = "yes",
%%     abstract        = "A BibTeX bibliography style that follows the
%%                        `B' reference style of the 13th Edition of
%%                        the Chicago Manual of Style. A detailed
%%                        feature list is given below.",
%%     docstring       = "The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%  }
%% ====================================================================
%% "Chicago" BibTeX style, chicago.bst
%% ===================================
%%
%% BibTeX `chicago' style file for BibTeX version 0.99c, LaTeX version 2.09
%% Place it in a file called chicago.bst in the BibTeX search path.
%% You need to include chicago.sty as a \documentstyle option.
%% (Placing it in the same directory as the LaTeX document should also work.)
%% This "chicago" style is based on newapa.bst (American Psych. Assoc.)
%% found at ymir.claremont.edu.
%%
%%   Citation format: (author-last-name year)
%%             (author-last-name and author-last-name year)
%%             (author-last-name, author-last-name, and author-last-name year)
%%             (author-last-name et al. year)
%%             (author-last-name)
%%             author-last-name (year)
%%             (author-last-name and author-last-name)
%%             (author-last-name et al.)
%%             (year) or (year,year)
%%             year or year,year
%%
%%   Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes
%%    for author in the absence of one.
%%
%% This BibTeX style has support for abbreviated author lists and for
%%    year-only citations.  This is done by having the citations
%%    actually look like
%%
%%    \citeauthoryear{full-author-info}{abbrev-author-info}{year}
%%
%% The LaTeX style has to have the following (or similar)
%%
%%     \let\@internalcite\cite
%%     \def\fullcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1, ##3}\@internalcite}
%%     \def\fullciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1}\@internalcite}
%%     \def\shortcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2, ##3}\@internalcite}
%%     \def\shortciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
%%     \def\citeyear{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@internalcite}
%%
%% These TeX macro definitions are found in chicago.sty. Additional
%% commands to manipulate different components of a citation can be defined
%% so that, for example, you can list author's names without parentheses
%% if using a citation as a noun or object in a sentence.
%%
%% This file was originally copied from newapa.bst at ymir.claremont.edu.
%%
%% Features of chicago.bst:
%% =======================
%%
%% - full names used in citations, but abbreviated citations are available
%%   (see above)
%% - if an entry has a "month", then the month and year are also printed
%%   as part of that bibitem.
%% - all conjunctions use "and" instead of "\&"
%% - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that
%%   only the first author in a reference appears last name first-
%%   additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.
%% - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except
%%   article entries.
%% - book, inbook, and manual use "location: publisher" (or organization)
%%   for address and publisher. All other types list publishers separately.
%% - "pp." are used to identify page numbers for all entry types except
%%   articles.
%% - organization is used as a citation label if neither author nor editor
%%   is present (for manuals).
%% - "et al." is used for long author and editor lists, or when "others"
%%   is used.
%%
%% Modifications and bug fixes from newapa.bst:
%% ===========================================
%%
%%   - added month, year to bib entries if month is present
%%   - fixed bug with In proceedings, added necessary comma after title
%%   - all conjunctions changed to "and" from "\&"
%%   - fixed bug with author labels in my.full.label: "et al." now is
%%        generated when "others" is an author name
%%   - major modification from Chicago Manual of Style (13th ed.) is that
%%     only the first author in a reference appears last name first-
%%     additional authors appear as J. Q. Public.
%%   - pages are listed as "pp. xx-xx" in all entry types except
%%     article entries. Unnecessary (IMHO) "()" around page numbers
%%     were removed, and page numbers now don't end with a period.
%%   - created chicago.sty for use with this bibstyle (required).
%%   - fixed bugs in FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages} for missing volume,
%%     number, and /or pages. Renamed to format.jour.vol.
%%   - fixed bug in formatting booktitles: additional period an error if
%%     book has a volume.
%%   - fixed bug: editors usually given redundant period before next clause
%%     (format.editors.dot) removed.
%%   - added label support for organizations, if both author and editor
%%     are missing (from alpha.bst). If organization is too long, then
%%     the key field is used for abbreviated citations.
%%   - In proceedings or books of several volumes, no comma was written
%%     between the "Volume x" and the page numbers (this was intentional
%%     in newapa.bst). Fixed.
%%   - Some journals may not have volumes/numbers, only month/year (eg.
%%     IEEE Computer). Fixed bug in article style that assumed volume/number
%%     was always present.
%%
%% Original documentation for newapa.sty:
%% =====================================
%%
%% This version was made by modifying the master file made by
%% Oren Patashnik (PATASHNIK@SCORE.STANFORD.EDU), and the 'named' BibTeX
%% style of Peter F. Patel-Schneider.
%%
%% Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved.
%% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
%% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
%% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than 'newapa.bst'.
%% There are undoubtably bugs in this style.  If you make bug fixes,
%% improvements, etc.  please let me know.  My e-mail address is:
%%    spencer@cgrg.ohio.state.edu or 71160.3141@compuserve.com
%%
%% This style was made from 'plain.bst', 'named.bst', and 'apalike.bst',
%% with lots of tweaking to make it look like APA style, along with tips
%% from Young Ryu and Brian Reiser's modifications of 'apalike.bst'.
 
ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    volume
    year
  }
  {}
  { label.year extra.label sort.year sort.label }
 
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
 
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}
 
STRINGS { s t u }
 
FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
    { add.period$ write$
      newline$
      "\newblock " write$
    }
    { output.state before.all =
        'write$
        { add.period$ " " * write$ }
      if$
    }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

%
% ABC - Added to put a close double quotes after title.
%

FUNCTION {outputcq.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
    { add.period$ "''" * write$
      newline$
      "\newblock " write$
    }
    { output.state before.all =
        'write$
        { add.period$ " " * write$ }
      if$
    }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
} 
% Use a colon to separate output. Used only for address/publisher
% combination in book/inbook types, address/institution for manuals,
% and organization:publisher for proceedings (inproceedings).
%
FUNCTION {output.nonnull.colon}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ": " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
    { add.period$ write$
      newline$
      "\newblock " write$
    }
    { output.state before.all =
        'write$
        { add.period$ " " * write$ }
      if$
    }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}
 
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

%
% ABC - Added to close quotes after title.
%

FUNCTION {outputcq}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'outputcq.nonnull
  if$
}
  
FUNCTION {output.colon}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull.colon
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

%
% ABC - Added to close quotes after title.
%

FUNCTION {outputcq.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'outputcq.nonnull
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {output.check.colon}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull.colon
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {output.year.check}
{ year empty$
     { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
     { write$
        " (" year * extra.label *
       month empty$
          { ")" * }
          { ", " * month * ")" * }
       if$
       mid.sentence 'output.state :=
     }
  if$
}
 
 
FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
  write$
  newline$
}

%
% ABC - Added to close with quotes in the case of booklet-minimal.
%

FUNCTION {fincq.entry}
{ add.period$ "''" *
  write$
  newline$
}
 
FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    { output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.sentence 'output.state := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}
 
%
% Emphasize the top string on the stack.
%
FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}
 
%
% Emphasize the top string on the stack, but add a trailing space.
%
FUNCTION {emphasize.space}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\em " swap$ * "\/}" * }
  if$
}
 
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
%
% Format bibliographical entries with the first author last name first,
% and subsequent authors with initials followed by last name.
% All names are formatted in this routine.
%
FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
 
    { nameptr #1 =
        {s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, ff}" format.name$ 't := }
        {s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := }
      if$
      nameptr #1 >
        { namesleft #1 >
              { ", " * t * }
              { numnames #2 >
                  { "," * }
                  'skip$
                if$
                t "others" =
                    { " et~al." * }
                    { " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
                  if$
               }
               if$
             }
            't
        if$
        nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
        namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
    }
  while$
}

 
FUNCTION {my.full.label}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
 
    { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't :=  % get the next name
      nameptr #1 >
        { namesleft #1 >
              { ", " * t * }
              { numnames #2 >
                  { "," * }
                  'skip$
                if$
                t "others" =
                    { " et~al." * }
                    { " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
                  if$
               }
               if$
             }
            't
        if$
        nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
        namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
    }
  while$
 
}
 
FUNCTION {format.names.fml}
%
% Format names in "familiar" format, with first initial followed by
% last name. Like format.names, ALL names are formatted.
%
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
 
    { s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
 
      nameptr #1 >
        { namesleft #1 >
              { ", " * t * }
               { numnames #2 >
                    { "," * }
                    'skip$
                  if$
                  t "others" =
                        { " et~al." * }
                        { " and " * t * }
%                       { " \& " * t * }
                      if$
                }
               if$
             }
            't
        if$
        nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
        namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
    }
  while$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
    { "" }
    { author format.names }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.key}
{ empty$
    { key field.or.null }
    { "" }
  if$
}
 
%
% Format editor names for use in the "in" types: inbook, incollection,
% inproceedings: first initial, then last names. When editors are the
% LABEL for an entry, then format.editor is used which lists editors
% by last name first.
%
FUNCTION {format.editors.fml}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.names.fml
      editor num.names$ #1 >
%    { " (Eds.)" * }     % ABC - changed to lower case and commas instead of ()
%    { " (Ed.)" * }      % ABC - changed to lower case and commas instead of ()
    { ", eds." * }
    { ", ed." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
 
%
% Format editor names for use in labels, last names first.
%
FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.names
      editor num.names$ #1 >
%    { " (Eds.)" * }  % ABC - changed to lower case and commas instead of ()
%    { " (Ed.)" * }   % ABC - changed to lower case and commas instead of ()
    { ", eds." * }
    { ", ed." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    { "``"  title "t" change.case$ * }   % ABC - Concatenated open quotes
                                         % ABC - Close quotes in outputcq.check
  if$
}
 
% Note that the APA style requres case changes
% in article titles. The following does not
% change cases. If you perfer it, uncomment the
% following and comment out the above.
 
%FUNCTION {format.title}
%{ title empty$
%    { "" }
%    { title }
%  if$
%}
 
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
    { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
        { "--" *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
        {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
        { "-" *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
          while$
        }
      if$
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ *
      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
      if$
    }
  while$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ edition empty$
  { title emphasize }
  { title empty$
    { title emphasize }
    { volume empty$     % gnp - check for volume, then don't need period
       { "{\em " title * "\/} (" * edition * " ed.)" * "." * }
       { "{\em " title * "\/} (" * edition * " ed.)" * }
      if$
    }
    if$
  }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.emphasize.booktitle}
{ edition empty$
  { booktitle emphasize }
  { booktitle empty$
    { booktitle emphasize }
    { volume empty$    % gnp - extra period an error if book has a volume
        { "{\em " booktitle * "\/} (" * edition * " ed.)" * "." *}
        { "{\em " booktitle * "\/} (" * edition * " ed.)" * }
      if$
      }
    if$
    }
  if$
  }
 
 
FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}
 
FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect % gnp - changed to mixed case
      series empty$
        'skip$
        { " of " * series emphasize * }
      if$
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
    { series field.or.null }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
        { "Number" } % gnp - changed to mixed case always
        { "Number" }
      if$
      number tie.or.space.connect
      series empty$
        { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
        { " in " * series * }
      if$
    }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}
 
INTEGERS { multiresult }
 
FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
    { #1 'multiresult := }
    { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}
 
FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
  { "" }
  { pages multi.page.check
        { "pp.\ " pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect } % gnp - removed ()
        { "pp.\ " pages tie.or.space.connect }
    if$
  }
  if$
}
 
% By Young (and Spencer)
% GNP - fixed bugs with missing volume, number, and/or pages
%
% Format journal, volume, number, pages for article types.
%
FUNCTION {format.jour.vol}
{ journal empty$
    { "no journal in " cite$ * warning$
      "" }
    { journal emphasize.space }
    if$
  number empty$
    { volume empty$
       { "no number and no volume in " cite$ * warning$
         "" * }
       { "~{" * Volume * "}" * }  % ABC removed \em (see below)
	   							  % ABC { "~{\em " * Volume * "}" * }
      if$
    }
    { volume empty$
      {"no volume for " cite$ * warning$
       "~(" * number * ")" * }
      { "~" *
        volume  %emphasize.space     % ABC commented out to avoid underline
		                             % ABC of vol number.
        "(" * number * ")" * * }
      if$
    }
  if$
  pages empty$
    {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$
     "" * } % gnp - place a null string on the stack for output
    { duplicate$ empty$
      { pop$ format.pages }
      { ", " *  pages n.dashify * } % gnp - removed pp. for articles
      if$
    }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
        { "Chapter" } % gnp - changed to mixed case
        { type "t" change.case$ }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.connect
      pages empty$
        {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$} % gnp - added check
        { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
  { "" }
  { editor empty$
    { "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
    { "In " format.editors.fml * ", " * format.emphasize.booktitle * }
    if$
  }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      type "t" change.case$
    }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
    { "Technical Report" }
    'type
  if$
  number empty$
    { "t" change.case$ }
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ "See"
  "\citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}
 
FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  editor num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$ " et~al." * }
    { #2 <
    'skip$
    { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
        { " et~al." * }
        { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
      if$
    }
      if$
    }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      "In "
    }
    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect % gnp - changed to mixed case
      " of " *
    }
  if$
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
    { series empty$
        { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
          crossref * warning$
          "" *
        }
        { "{" * series * "\/}" * }  % ABC Removed \em (see Below)
									% ABC { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
      if$
    }
    { key * }
      if$
    }
    { format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
  " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}
 
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ "See"
  " \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}
 
% format.lab.names:
%
% determines "short" names for the abbreviated author information.
% "Long" labels are created in calc.label, using the routine my.full.label
% to format author and editor fields.
%
% There are 4 cases for labels.   (n=3 in the example)
% a) one author             Foo
% b) one to n               Foo, Bar and Baz
% c) use of "and others"    Foo, Bar et al.
% d) more than n            Foo et al.
%
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames #2 >    % change number to number of others allowed before
                   % forcing "et al".
    { s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al." * }
    {
      numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=
      #2 'nameptr :=
      s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
        { namesleft #0 > }
        { nameptr numnames =
            { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
                { " et~al." * }
                { " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
              if$
            }
            { ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
          if$
          nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
          namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
        }
      while$
    }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
          { "no key, author in " cite$ * warning$
            cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
         'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
          { "no key, editor in " cite$ * warning$
            cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
          'key
        if$
     }
     { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
%
% added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if author is null.
%
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "no key, author or organization in " cite$ * warning$
              cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { organization }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
%
% added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if editor is null.
%
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "no key, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
              cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { organization }
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
          { key empty$
               { "no key, author, or editor in " cite$ * warning$
                 cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
             'key
           if$
         }
          { editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {calc.label}
%
% Changed - GNP. See also author.organization.sort, editor.organization.sort
% Form label for BibTeX entry. The classification of which fields are used
% for which type of entry (book, inbook, etc.) are taken from alpha.bst.
% The change here from newapa is to also include organization as a
% citation label if author or editor is missing.
%
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.organization.label
        { type$ "manual" =
            'author.key.organization.label
            'author.key.label
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
 
  author empty$  % generate the full label citation information.
    { editor empty$
        { organization empty$
           { "no author, editor, or organization in " cite$ * warning$
             "??" }
           { organization }
           if$
        }
        { editor my.full.label }
        if$
    }
    { author my.full.label }
  if$
 
% leave label on the stack, to be popped when required.
 
  "}{" * swap$ * "}{" *
%  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ *
%
% save the year for sort processing afterwards (adding a, b, c, etc.)
%
%ABC This used to be:  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
%ABC Replaced with:
  year field.or.null
  'label.year :=
}
 
FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
 
  "\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{" write$
  calc.label write$
  sort.year write$
  "}]{" write$
 
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}
 
FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors
  "author" output.check
  author format.key output          % added
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
   {title missing$                  % ABC - added to prevent "''" from printing
    { format.jour.vol output   }    % ABC   after date when no title is given.
    { format.jour.vol outputcq }    % ABC
   if$ }                            % ABC
   {title missing$                              % ABC
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull    % ABC
      format.pages output }                     % ABC 
    { format.article.crossref outputcq.nonnull  % ABC
      format.pages output }                     % ABC
	if$ }                                       % ABC 
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}
 
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors
          "author and editor" output.check }
    { format.authors
          output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  output.year.check       % added
  new.block
  format.btitle
  "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      address output
      publisher "publisher" output.check.colon
    }
    { new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}
 
FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output          % added
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  howpublished outputcq
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  howpublished missing$               % ABC - added 
  { fincq.entry }                     % ABC - added 
  { fin.entry }                       % ABC - added 
  if$                                 % ABC - added 
}
 
FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors
      "author and editor" output.check
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
    { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
    'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.btitle
  "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      format.chapter.pages
      "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      address output
      publisher
      "publisher" output.check.colon
    }
    { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
      new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}
 
FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors
  "author" output.check
  author format.key output       % added
  output.year.check              % added
  new.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
  { format.in.ed.booktitle
    "booktitle" outputcq.check
    format.bvolume output
    format.number.series output
    format.chapter.pages output % gnp - was special.output.nonnull
%                                 left out comma before page numbers
    new.sentence
    address output
    publisher "publisher" output.check.colon
  }
  { format.incoll.inproc.crossref
        outputcq.nonnull
    format.chapter.pages output
  }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}
 
FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors
  "author" output.check
  author format.key output            % added
  output.year.check                   % added
  new.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle
          "booktitle" outputcq.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      address output
      format.pages output
      new.sentence
      organization output
      publisher output.colon
      }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref outputcq.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}
 
FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
 
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { editor empty$
      { organization "organization" output.check
        organization format.key output }  % if all else fails, use key
      { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
      if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
    if$
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.btitle
  "title" output.check
  organization address new.block.checkb
% Reversed the order of "address" and "organization", added the ":".
  address output
%ABC I added the following if to avoid having the organization printed
%ABC twice in case of no author and no editor. 
  author empty$
    {}
	{organization "organization" output.check.colon}
  if$	
%  address output
%  ":" output
%  organization output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}
 
FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors
  "author" output.check
  author format.key output          % added
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type outputcq.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}
 
%title is *required*
FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
  output.year.check
  title howpublished new.block.checkb
  format.title output
  new.block
  howpublished outputcq
  new.block
  note 
  howpublished missing$
  { outputcq }
  { output }
  if$
  fin.entry
}
 
FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors
  "author" output.check
  author format.key output            % added
  output.year.check                   % added
  new.block
  format.btitle
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  "Ph.D. thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull % ABC changed from Ph.\ D.
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}
 
FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  editor empty$
    { organization output
      organization format.key output }  % gnp - changed from author format.key
    { format.editors output.nonnull }
  if$
% author format.key output             % gnp - removed (should be either
%                                        editor or organization
  output.year.check                    % added (newapa)
  new.block
  format.btitle
  "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  address output
  new.sentence
  organization output
  publisher output.colon
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}
 
FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors
  "author" output.check
  author format.key output             % added
  output.year.check                    % added
  new.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  format.tr.number outputcq.nonnull
  institution
  "institution" output.check
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}
 
FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors
  "author" output.check
  author format.key output              % added
  output.year.check                      % added
  new.block
  format.title
  "title" output.check
  new.block
  note "note" outputcq.check
  fin.entry
}
 
FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
 
MACRO {jan} {"January"}
 
MACRO {feb} {"February"}
 
MACRO {mar} {"March"}
 
MACRO {apr} {"April"}
 
MACRO {may} {"May"}
 
MACRO {jun} {"June"}
 
MACRO {jul} {"July"}
 
MACRO {aug} {"August"}
 
MACRO {sep} {"September"}
 
MACRO {oct} {"October"}
 
MACRO {nov} {"November"}
 
MACRO {dec} {"December"}

MACRO {aer} {"American Economic Review"}

MACRO {ajae} {"American Journal of Agriculture Economics"}

MACRO {canjds} {"Canadian Journal of Development Studies"}

MACRO {canje} {"Canadian Journal of Economics"}

MACRO {cje} {"Cambridge Journal of Economics"}

MACRO {cr} {"CEPAL Review"}

MACRO {de} {"Desarrollo Econ\'omico"}

MACRO {ecacc} {"Economic Development and Cultural Change"}

MACRO {em}  {"Economic Modelling"}

MACRO {er}  {"Economic Record"}

MACRO {ete} {"El Trimestre Econ\'omico"}

MACRO {ier} {"International Economic Review"}

MACRO {ilr} {"International Labour Review"}

MACRO {imfsp} {"IMF Staff Papers"}

MACRO {jde} {"Journal of Development Economics"}

MACRO {jds} {"Journal of Development Studies"}
 
MACRO {jel} {"Journal of Economic Lierature"}

MACRO {jep} {"Journal of Economic Perspectives"}

MACRO {jie} {"Journal of International Economics"}

MACRO {jiswa} {"Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs"}

MACRO {jle} {"Journal of Law and Economics"}

MACRO {jpm}  {"Journal of Policy Modeling"}

MACRO {jpe}  {"Journal of Political Economy"}

MACRO {jpke} {"Journal of Post Keynesian Economics"}

MACRO {larr} {"Latin American Research Review"}

MACRO {obes} {"Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics"}

MACRO {qje}  {"Quarterly Journal of Economics"}

MACRO {re} {"Realidad Econ\'omica"}

MACRO {rrpe} {"Review of Radical Political Economics"}

MACRO {rms} {"Revista Mexicana de Sociolog{\'\i}a"}

MACRO {tde} {"The Developing Economies"}

MACRO {tej} {"The Economic Journal"}

MACRO {trbpe} {"The Review of Black Political Economy"}
 
MACRO {wa} {"Weltwirtschaftlisches Archiv"}
 
MACRO {wd} {"World Development"}

MACRO {we} {"World Economy"} 


READ
 
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}
 
INTEGERS { len }
 
FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}
 
 
 
FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 >
          { "   " * }
         'skip$
      if$
      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
          { " et~al" * }
          { t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}
 
FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}
 
FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
         { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
           "" }
         { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
         { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
           ""
         }
         { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { "missing author in " cite$ * warning$
      editor empty$
         { key empty$
             { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
               ""
             }
             { key sortify }
           if$
         }
         { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
%
% added - GNP. Stack author or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
% Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
%
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { organization sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
%
% added - GNP. Stack editor or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
% Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
%
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { organization sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {presort}
%
% Presort creates the bibentry's label via a call to calc.label, and then
% sorts the entries based on entry type. Chicago.bst adds support for
% including organizations as the sort key; the following is stolen from
% alpha.bst.
%
{ calc.label sortify % recalculate bibitem label
%ABC Changed this:  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
%ABC to:
 year field.or.null * % add year
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.organization.sort
        { type$ "manual" =
            'author.organization.sort
            'author.sort
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$        % added for newapa
  'sort.label :=                  % added for newapa
  sort.label                      % added for newapa
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}
 
ITERATE {presort}
 
SORT             % by label, year, author/editor, title
 
STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
 
INTEGERS { last.extra.num }
 
FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
}
 
FUNCTION {forward.pass}
%
% Pass through all entries, comparing current entry to last one.
% Need to concatenate year to the stack (done by calc.label) to determine
% if two entries are the same (see presort)
%
{ last.label
%ABC Canged:  calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
%ABC to:
  calc.label year field.or.null * % add year  
  #1 entry.max$ substring$ =     % are they equal?
     { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
       last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
     }
     { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
       "" 'extra.label :=
%ABC Changed:       calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
%ABC To:
       calc.label year field.or.null * % add year       
       #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'last.label := % assign to last.label
     }
  if$
}
 
FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
     'skip$
  if$
  label.year extra.label * 'sort.year :=
  extra.label 'next.extra :=
}
 
EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
 
ITERATE {forward.pass}
 
REVERSE {reverse.pass}
 
FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}
 
ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
 
SORT             % by sort.label, year, title --- giving final bib. order.
 
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
 
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$
}
 
 
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
 
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
 
ITERATE {call.type$}
 
FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}
 
EXECUTE {end.bib}