Supplementary Readings and Resources (Econ 450/650)

Required Software

NetLogo (current version)

http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/

NetLogo is a remarkable example of free and open source software. Please consider a small donation to ensure its continued development: http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/giving.shtml

Installation for non-English speakers: NetLogo uses install4j, which can create a problem for non-English Windows accounts (e.g., Russian or Japanese). http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24807204/install4j-insufficient-disk-space-error For now, the solution is to create a new English-language administrator account and install NetLogo for all users from that account.

Excel

You will use a spreadsheet to analyze your simulation output. In principle any spreadsheet will do, as long as it supports the equivalent of pivot tables (and most do). In practice you will probably find it simplest to use Excel, since I base my examples on that spreadsheet. (For AU students, Microsoft Office is a free download.)

Subversion Command-Line Client

Mac users should not separately install Subversion; they should install XCode, which includes Subversion. (XCode is is part of the Mac operating system but often it is not pre-installed; it is a free download from Apple.) Windows users should get Subversion from Collabnet: http://www.collab.net/downloads/subversion/ (Get only the Subversion 64 bit command-line binaries.) Subversion is free and open source software.

Supplementary Software

This is a short list of additional software that you may find useful.

PowerShell

I will use PowerShell in some demonstrations. Windows users already have PowerShell; Mac users can download it from https://github.com/PowerShell/PowerShell (Mac OSX users will alternatively be able to use Terminal (set to the bash shell).)

UML diagrams (drawing apps)

• Umletino: http://www.umlet.com/umletino/umletino.html

• Dia: http://live.gnome.org/Dia

• LucidChart (only small drawings are free): https://www.lucidchart.com/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVC5dL2JUZI

• plantuml: http://plantuml.com/

Gephi

An interactive visualization and graphical exploration platform for networks and complex systems. https://gephi.github.io/

SQLite

http://www.sqlite.org/ (get the bundle of command-line tools) Tutorials: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QjICgmk31js https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBnOn17pI7c Book: http://sql.learncodethehardway.org/book/ SQLite is free and open source.

Mathematica

American University has a site license, so you can install this for free.

Enthought Canopy Python Distribution

https://www.enthought.com/products/canopy/ (Canopy is free for academic use.)

Vim

A wonderful text editor. You must you start with the 30 minute vimtutor tutorial. (On MS-Windows you can find vimtutor in the Program/Vim menu.) http://www.vim.org/

NetLogo Videos: Introductory

NetLogo Videos: Plotting

Video: Plots in NetLogo (by Bill Rand)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbIvQNGkLKw

Video: NetLogo Monitors and Plots by Maureen Psaila-Dombrowski.

http://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs151/video/Interface_Output_in_NetLogo.mp4

NetLogo Videos: Intermediate

Video: NetLogo and the Random Walk (part 1)

https://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs4all/Video_RandomWalk/ Using NetLogo to model a random walk, by Joel Castellanos.

Video: BehaviorSpace in NetLogo (Psaila-Dombrowski, 2015)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaOBm6kvEBg (Step-by-step application to the Wolf-Sheep Predation Model; strongly recommended for visual learners.)

Video: Rabbit-Coyote Predation (Maureen Psaila-Dombrowski)

http://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs151/video/Abstraction%20and%20Modeling.mp4 This is basically the Wolf-Sheep Predation model redux. For more complicated but related code, see http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/community/Predator,%20Prey,%20Poison.

Video: NetLogo and Wiggle Motion (part 2)

https://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs4all/Video_wiggle/ Using NetLogo to model a random motion, by Joel Castellanos.

CSP-AIMS (highly recommended)

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLVPAU11OhjGpM7lYsGoJGw

• Playlist 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxcR7TFG22E&list=PLOzOZu_Rws6SNxVz9dekiFhcNoHY8CsB9

• Playlist 2: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOzOZu_Rws6T7KpVdsLBG9wYpDY6I3kuQ

• Playlist 3: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOzOZu_Rws6QD0t8QiXwUMnl1E28K158f

• Torus Topology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KwGE6hAtGc

• Nick Bennett on lists and sets https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhWgcFeg2oI (Covers set operations with NetLogo agentsets.)

• John Balwit on agentsets in NetLogo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znPJK5nHaJA (Covers set operations with NetLogo agentsets.)

• Conditional Statements https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYVhDDRTYOw

• Population Dynamics (Psaila-Dombrowski, 2015) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KIhP1jer-0 (Wolf-Sheep Predation Model)

• Designing and Running Experiments in NetLogo (Psaila-Dombrowski, 2015) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGBsYGxjYbY (Designing, running, and writing up an experiment; but no discussion of BehaviorSpace.)

NetLogo Tutorials by G. Wurzer

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjgV-BPJumxvDukI78A5nC-3U2TdsQOrT (While I have not required all of Wurzer's video tutorials, they are very strongly recommended, especially to students who are new to programming.)

Creating Buttons by Peter Brooks

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HYsgUTjM7g

Ralph Abraham's tutorials

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7chmFQWXys4&list=PL8D7C9C2B47090E80

Jose Vidal's tutorials

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5RMdrbJXpM (turtles, patches, agentsets, lists) (Vidal’s overview of NetLogo data types is very useful.)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9iD72cuh98 (adding buttons and sliders)

Peter Brook's tutorials

• patches: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spknAE5EoVg

• turtles and patches and links: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWul5siPJ2E

• reporter procedures: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ky2PAtez21M

Wurzer's introduction to NetLogo for archaeology

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGEYV4BEzEM

Spreadsheet Videos

Video: How to Use XLOOKUP

Background: https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-use-the-new-excel-lookup-function/

Video: One Way ANOVA

by James Clark

NetLogo Resources: Intermediate

A Field Guide to NetLogo

[Scott.Koehler-2014-MITRE] ch. 1–3 https://s3.amazonaws.com/complexityexplorer/ABMwithNetLogo/Field+Guide+to+NetLogo+v14-netlogoExtension-index_02.pdf Introduces NetLogo, models, and agents.

NetLogo 6.0---Quick Guide

[Izquierdo-2018-QuickGuide]

Designing and Developing Agent-Based Models

[Gilbert-2008-Sage] ch. 4 http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/17241_Chapter_4.pdf (To use the code, change agent to agt everywhere.)

NetLogo Resources: Advanced

Agent-Based Modelling: Tools for Linking NetLogo and R

[Thiele.etal-2012-JASSS] shows how to embed R into NetLogo (in order to use R’s statistical analyses from within NetLogo programs) and how to embed NetLogo into R (in order to coordinate simulation experiments output analysis).

NetLogo, An Open Simulation Environment

[Gaudou.etal-2017-Elsevier_Banos.Lang.Marilleau]

Exploring Complex Models in NetLogo

[Caillou.etal-2017-Elsevier_Banos.Lang.Marilleau]

Complexity Videos

Video: The Economy as a Complex Adaptive System

interview by Melanie Mitchell of Brian Arthur. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svO4ZAausX0

Video: The Economy as a Complex and Evolving System

by Eric Beinhocker https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-RdnoxSZiM

Basic Programming Videos

Video: Decomposition as a Programming Strategy (Psaila-Dombrowski 2015)

http://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs4all/Week_2_Decomposition_CS151L_Fall2013v2.mp4

Video: CS Constructs: Variables (by Irene Lee)

https://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs4all/video/NM-CSforAll-Variables.mp4

Video: Variables and Scope (by Maureen Psaila-Dombrowski)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wI7u75cTUW8

Video: CS Constructs: If-then statements

by Nick Bennett. https://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs4all/video/Conditional-statement-If-then.mp4

Video: CS Constructs: If-then statements (full version)

by Nick Bennett. https://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs4all/video/conditional-statements-smaller.mp4

Video: Introduction to Looping

by Maureen Psaila-Dombrowski. https://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs4all/video/NM-CSforAll-Program_Loops.mp4

Video: More Introduction to Looping

by Maureen Psaila-Dombrowski. http://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs151/video/CSforAll-CS-Constructs_Loops.mp4

Video: More Looping (by Maureen Psaila-Dombrowski)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsxqCAJ90nk

Deeper Programming Concepts

UTF-8 and ASCII (basic intro and brief history)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MijmeoH9LT4

Video: Bits and Bytes Part 1 - Introduction

by Ed Angel. https://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs4all/Bits_and_Bytes-Part1-Intro-EdAngel.mp4

Video: Bits and Bytes Part 2 - Numbers

by Ed Angel. https://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs4all/Bits_and_Bytes-Part2-Numbers1-EdAngel.mp4

Video: Bits and Bytes Part 3 - More on Numbers

by Ed Angel https://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs4all/Bits_and_Bytes-Part3-Numbers2-EdAngel.mp4

Bits, Bites, and Numbers

https://www.cs.unm.edu/~joel/cs4all/NM-CSforAll-Bits+Bytes-Numbers1.mp4

Recommended Texts

The following are on reserve in the Library. You are not asked to purchase them, but a small amount of reading will be assigned from some of them. (Blackboard should provide online access to these readings.)

An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling

[Wilensky.Rand-2015-MIT]

Agent-Based and Individual-Based Modeling: A Practical Introduction (2nd Edition)

[Railsback.Grimm-2019-PrincetonUP] (This textbook is not required, but it is quite good. Unfortunately, the Library cannot supply it electronically.)

Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science From The Bottom Up

[Epstein.Axtell-1996-MIT]

Agent-Based Models

[Gilbert-2008-Sage]

Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling

Janssen, Marco (2012)

Other Useful Texts

The following are on reserve or available online, but you are not expected to read them during this course. After completing this course, you may find them to be stimulating additional reading.

Agent-Based Modelling for the Self Learner

[Badham-2020-ebook] (A a free online textbook.)

Alkemade, Floortje (2004)

Evolutionary Agent-Based Economics [Alkemade-2004-Dissertation]

A dissertation addressing the diffusion of information. http://alexandria.tue.nl/extra2/200412820.pdf

The Sciences of the Artificial

[Simon-1969-MIT] is a seminal work in CSS by one of the founders; covers fundamental concepts and principles.

Computational Modeling.

Taber, C. S. & R. J. Timpone Sage Publications (Thousand Oaks, CA)

A survey of important ideas in CSS, including evaluation criteria for simulation models.

Simulation for the Social Scientist

[Gilbert.Troitzsch-2005-OpenUP] (2nd edition!) is classic textbook for CSS, written by two leading European CSS researchers.

Complex Adaptive Systems

[Miller.Page-2007-Princeton] is a classic textbook for CSS, written by two leading CSS researchers.

NetLogo Assistance

Improving Execution Speed of Models Implemented in NetLogo

[Railsback.etal-2017-JASSS] provides suggestions for improving the execution speed of NetLogo models.

Array and Table Extensions

http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/docs/arraystables.html (Note: extensions must be declared before being used! http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/docs/extensions.html)

Introduction to Profiling

Lecture Notes

Judge, Jaffry, and Fush (1998)

[Judge.Jaffry.Fysh-1998-CHEER] http://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/cheer/ch12_2/ch12_2p4.htm (a discussion of basic computer skills)

Python-oriented Texts

Think Complexity

[Downey-2016-GreenTeaPress] Free at: https://greenteapress.com/wp/think-complexity-2e/

Think Python

[Downey-2015-GreenTeaPress] Free at: https://greenteapress.com/wp/think-python-2e/

Introduction to CSS

Computer Simulation in Social Sciences

[Mollona-2008-JMgmtGov] http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10997-008-9049-6

Simulation for the Social Scientist

[Gilbert.Troitzsch-2005-OpenUP] (A more technical introduction.)

Introduction to ABMS

Advances in the Agent-Based Modeling of Economic and Social Behavior

[Steinbacher.etal-2021-SNBusEc]

Agent-Based Modeling as a Bridge between Disciplines

[Axelrod-2006-Handbook] explores the interdisciplinary potential of ABMS and provides a wealth of personal anecdote.

Agent-Based Modelling

[Gallagher_Bryson-2018-EncAnimalCogBeh] provides a brief history of ABMS, with some example applications.

Tutorial on Agent-based Modelling and Simulation

[Macal.North-2010-JSim]

Agent-Based Models

[deMarchi.Page-2014-ARPS] provide an overview for political science.

Agent-based Modeling in Political Decision Making

[Qiu.Phang-2020-OEPDM] provide another overview for political science.

Guide for Newcomers to Agent-Based Modeling in the Social Sciences

by Axelrod, Robert and Leigh Tesfatsion (2006) in L. Tesfatsion & K.L. Judd (eds.), Handbook of Computational Economics, Vol. 2: Agent-Based Computational Economics, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 2006. Pages 1647-1659 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574002105020447 and www.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/abmread.htm

Agent-Based Models

[Gilbert-2008-Sage] provides an accessible introduction.

Agent-Based and Individual-Based Modeling: A Practical Introduction, 2nd Edition.

[Railsback.Grimm-2019-PrincetonUP] (A practical introduction that teaches NetLogo programming.)

Complex Adaptive Systems: An Introduction to Computational Models of Social Science

[Miller.Page-2007-Princeton] (Classic textbook.)

An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling

[Wilensky.Rand-2015-MIT] (Broad in scope with a NetLogo focus.)

“The Explanatory Potential of Artificial Societies”

[Gruene-2009-Synthese] (The published version is available through the library.)

http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3669/1/ACEpaper070925.pdf

Generative Social Science: Studies in Agent-Based Computational Modeling

[Epstein-2007-PrincetonUP]

Homo Economicus

Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory

[Sen-1977-PhilPubAff]

Autonomy and Agency

Multiple Time-scales and the Developmental Dynamics of Social Systems

[Flack-2012-PhilTrans]

The Information Theory of Individuality

[Krakauer.Bertschinger.Olbrich.Flack.Ay-2020-TheoryBiosci]

The Organization of the Living: A Theory of the Living Organization

[Maturana-1999-IJHumCompStud]

Agents and Agency: Economics and Identity

Economics and Identity

[Akerlof.Kranton-2000-QJE]

Identity and Commitment

John Davis (2004) Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper, TI 2004-055/2. https://papers.tinbergen.nl/04055.pdf In Fabienne Peter (ed.), Rationality and Commitment. Oxford University Press, Usa. pp. 313--335 (2007)

Agents and Objects

Objects and Agents Compared

Odell (2002) http://www.jot.fm/issues/issue_2002_05/column4/ (Agents and objects: one perspective on the distinction. Note: this notion of agents goes far beyond what we have been dealing with in this course, and you are not expected to incorporate it in your course project.)

From Factor to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-Based Modeling

[Macy.Willer-2001-ARSoc]_ http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3069238?uid=3739704&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21100864742841

Macrofoundations

Macro Foundations of Micro-economics

[Hahn-2003-ET] https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-002-0321-8 Rejects the use of the representative agent which arises in macroeconomics, nothing that "macro data are relevant to agents' decisions, and so excess demands should contain macro variables as arguments", including the price index, unemployment and GNP.

Micro-Macro Links and Microfoundations in Sociology

[Raub_etal-2011-JMathSoc] https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.2010.532263

Some Macro Foundations for Micro Theory

[Schultze-1981-BPEA] https://www.brookings.edu/bpea-articles/some-macro-foundations-for-micro-theory

UML

An Introduction to the Unified Modeling Language

by Donald Bell focuses on the Use Case, Class, and Activity diagrams. https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/769.html

An Introduction to UML for Modelling in the Human and Social Sciences

[Bommel.Mueller-2007_Phan.Amblard] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230807882_An_introduction_to_UML_for_modelling_in_the_human_and_social_sciences

UML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modeling Language

[Fowler-2018-AW] (The best short book introducing UML; very pragmatic.)

The Unified Modeling Language

https://www.uml-diagrams.org/ (Extremely useful, but rather detailed.)

Allen Holub’s UML Quick Reference

https://holub.com/uml/

UML Tutorial by Sparx Systems

http://www.sparxsystems.com/uml-tutorial.html

Systems Analysis and Design: An Object-Oriented Approach with UML

by Dennis, Alan and Barbara Haley Wixom, David Tegarden (2020; Wiley)

ODD and Other Documentation Protocols

RAT-RS: A Reporting Standard for Improving the Documentation of Data Use in Agent-Based Modelling

[Achter.etal-2022-IJSRM] proposes five question suites for desribing aspects of data use: model aim and context, conceptualisation of the target system, operationalisation (esp. collection and use of input data), experimentation (esp. experimental design and analysis), and evaluation.

Describing Economic Agent-Based Models---Dahlem ABM Documentation Guidelines

[Wolf.etal-2013-ComplexityEconomics]

The ODD Protocol for Describing Agent-Based and Other Simulation Models

[Grimm_etal-2020-JASSS] http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/23/2/7.html

Hinkelmann et al. (2010)

http://arxiv.org/abs/1006.0408 (adding a dynamic-system description to ODD)

The Basic Model Interface 2.0

[Hutton.Piper.Tucker-2020-JOSS]

Describing and Formulating ABMs

[Railsback.Grimm-2019-PrincetonUP] Ch. 3

Polhill, Parker, Brown and Grimm (2008)

http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/11/2/3.html (Use of ODD to compare models of land-use change.)

ODD Updated

[Polhill-2010-JASSS]

The ODD Protocol: A Review and First Update

[Grimm.etal-2010-EcolModel]

More on ODD:

http://www.railsback-grimm-abm-book.com/Chapter03/GrimmEtAl2010_ODD-Update-1.pdf

A Standard Protocol for Describing Individual-Based and Agent-Based Models

[Grimm.etal-2006-EcolModel]

KISS vs KIDS

Why Model?

[Epstein-2008-JASSS] http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/11/4/12.html

Decision Making in ABMS

Decision-Making in Agent-Based Modeling

DeAngelis and Diaz (2019) https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2018.00237/full

Predicting Human Cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma Using Case-based Decision Theory

[Guilfoos.Pape-2016-TheoryDec] https://doi.org/10.1007/s11238--015-9495-y

Evaluating Case-Based Decision Theory: Predicting Empirical Patterns of Human Classification Learning

[Pape.Kurtz-2013-GEB]

Model Calibration

Does Empirical Embeddedness Matter? Methodological Issues on Agent-Based Models for Analytical Social Science

[Boero.Squazzoni-2005-JASSS]

Using Qualitative Evidence to Inform the Specification of Agent-Based Models

[Edmonds-2015-JASSS] http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/18/1/18.html

Model Validation

Validating Computational Models

[Carley-2017-CASOS]

Empirical Validation of Agent-Based Models: Alternatives and Prospects

[Windrum.Fagiolo.Moneta-2007-JASSS]

Sociology and Simulation: Statistical and Qualitative Cross-Validation

[Moss.Edmonds-2005-AmJSoc]

Verifying and Validating Simulation Models

[Sargent-2014-WinSim] http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2693848.2693874

Validating Simulation Models: A General Framework and Four Applied Examples,

R.E. Marks (2007), Computational Economics, 30(3): 265-290, October

Validating simulations with historical data: the State Similarity Measure (SSM),

R.E. Marks (2010), at www.agsm.edu.au/bobm/papers/asa.pdf and a presentation at www.agsm.edu.au/bobm/papers/marks-talk-

The Building and Assurance of Agent-Based Models: An Example and Challenge to the Field,

D.F. Midgley, Marks R.E., and Kunchamwar D. (2007) Journal of Business Research, Special Issue: Complexities in Markets, 60: 884-893.

More Background

Towards An Algorithmic Revolution in Economic Theory

[Velupillai-2011-JESurveys] http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2011.00684.x

Remarks on the Foundations of Agent-Based Generative Social Science,

Epstein, J.M. Handbook of Computational Economics, Volume 2: Agent-Based Modeling, edited by Leigh Tesfatsion and Kenneth L. Judd, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2006.

The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference, Boston: Little Brown.

Gladwell, M. 2000.

The Sociology of Economic Life (3rd editionj)

Granovetter, Mark (2018).

Society and Economy: Framework and Principles

Granovetter, Mark (2017).

Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice,

Wooldridge, M. and N. R. Jennings, Knowledge Engineering Review, 1995.

Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences

March, J. and C. Lave, 1975. New York: HarperCollins.

Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams: Explorations in massively parallel microworlds

Resnick, M. (MIT Press, 1994)

Complexity

The Architecture of Complexity

[Simon-1962-ProcAmPhilSoc] (A survival-of-the-simplest explanation of system hierarchy.)

The Complexity of Exchange

[Axtell-2005-EJ]

Abstractions, Ensembles, and Virtualizations Simplicity and Complexity in Agent-Based Modeling

[Lustick.Miodownik-2009-CompPol]

Complexity and Empirical Economics

[Durlauf-2005-EJ] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2005.01003.x

General Complexity: A Philosophical and Critical Perspective

[Woerman.etal-2018-Emergence]

Conflicting Emergences: Weak vs. Strong Emergence for the Modelling of Brain Function

[Turkheimer_etal-2019-NBR] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763418308315

Complex evolutionary systems and the Red Queen

A.J. Robson, The Economic Journal, 115 (June), F211-F224, 2005.

The Computational Beauty of Nature

Flake, Bary

Hidden Order and Emergence

Holland, John

At Home in the Universe

Kauffman, Stuart

Cosmic Evolution

Chaisson, Eric

Computation at the Edge of Chaos: Phase Transitions and Emergent Computation

Langton, C.G.

Agent-based Social Simulation: Dealing with Complexity

Gilbert, Nigel. (2005). http://www.complexityscience.org/NoE/ABSS-dealing%20with%20complexity-1-1.pdf

Design of Experiments

Opening the ‘Black Box’ of Simulations: Increased Transparency and Effective Communication through the Systematic Design of Experiments

[Lorscheid.etal-2012-ComputMathOrganTheory]

A First Course in Design and Analysis of Experiments

Oehlert (2000)

The Theory of the Design of Experiments

[Cox.Reid-2000-ChapmanHall]

Guidelines for Reporting Results of Computational Experiments: Report of the Ad Hoc Committee

[Jackson.Boggs.Nash.Powell-1991-MathProg]

Experimental Design andAnalysis by Howard J. Seltman

http://www.stat.cmu.edu/%7Ehseltman/309/Book/Book.pdf

Kleijnen et al. (2005),

A User's Guide to the Brave New World of Designing Simulation Experiments http://faculty.nps.edu/smsanche/docs/UserGuideSimExpts.pdf

Psaila-Dombrowski (2015)

BehaviorSpace in NetLogo (VIDEO) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaOBm6kvEBg (Step-by-step application of BehaviorSpace to the Wolf-Sheep Predation Model; very useful for visual learners.)

Yeh et al. (2018)

Parachute Use to Prevent Death and Major Trauma when Jumping from Aircraft: Randomized Controlled Trial https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k5094

Experimental Design Examples

Happe (2005)

http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/24464/1/pp05ha02.pdf

Some Modest Proposals for Simulation Software: Design and Analysis of Experiments

[Kelton-2001-SimSymp]

Ecological Models Supporting Environmental Decision Making: A Strategy for the Future

[Schmolke.etal-2010-TrendsEcolEvol]

The ‘Wedding Ring’: An Agent-Based Model Based on Social Intereraction

[Billari.etal-2007-DemRes] presents the Wedding Ring model, with an experimental design.

Introduction to Cellular Automata

NetLogo Models Library

• CA 1D Elementary

• Moore & Von Neumann Example

"Introduction to Cellular Automata,"

Tesfatsion, Leigh, http://www.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ308/tesfatsion/CellularAutomataIntro.LT.pdf

Voting Model

[Wilensky.Rand-2015-MIT] ch.7

“Complex Adaptive Social Systems in One Dimension”

[Miller.Page-2007-Princeton] ch. 8

Topic: Game of Life

Conway's Game of Life

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%27s_Game_of_Life

An Introduction to Agent-Based Modeling: Modeling Natural, Social, and Engineered Complex Systems with NetLogo

[Wilensky.Rand-2015-MIT] ch.2 (Life)

Topic: The Standing Ovation Model

The Standing Ovation Problem

[Miller.Page-2004-Complexity]

Partisan Sorting

The Measurement of Partisan Sorting for 180 Million Voters

[Brown.Enos-2013-EconLet]

El Farol and The Minority Game

The El Farol Model

[Wilensky.Rand-2015-MIT] ch. 3

Minority Games

[Yeung.Zhang-2008-arXiv]

Remarks on the Foundations of Agent-Based Generative Social Science

[epstein-2006-ch34handbook2]

Downey (2009) ch. 6, 7, 10

[downey-2009-cup]

Harris-Todaro Model

Path Dependency and Adaptation: The Effects of Policy on Migration Systems

Miranda Simon (2019). Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 22 (2) 2 http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/22/2/2.html DOI: 10.18564/jasss.3970

Topic: Segregation

Why Sociology Should Use Agent Based Modelling

[ChattoeBrown-2013-SRO] uses the Schelling model to argue that ABM is a useful tool for theory building in sociology.

Segregation and Strategic Neighborhood Interaction

[Barr.Tassier-2008-EEJ]

Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation

[Card.Mas.Rothstein-2008-QJE]

Empirics of Strategic Interdependence: The Case of the Racial Tipping Point

[Easterly-2009-NBERw15069]

How Population Structure Shapes Neighborhood Segregation

[Bruch-2014-AJS]

The Schelling Model of Ethnic Residential Dynamics: Beyond the Integrated-Segregated Dichotomy of Patterns

[Hatna.Benenson-2012-JASSS] note that “[s]ome neighborhoods are ethnically homogeneous while others are populated by both groups in varying ratios” and try to reproduce this in a Schelling-style model. http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/15/1/6.html

Fast Acceptance by Common Experience: Augmenting Schelling's Neighborhood Segregation Model With FACE-Recognition

Berg, Nathan and Katarzyna Abramczuk and and Ulrich Hoffrage. (2010) Judgment and Decision Making 5(5), 398-99. http://journal.sjdm.org/10/rh14/rh14.pdf

In between Schelling and Maynard-Smith

Bersini, Hugues (2014) Artificial Life 14 Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/artificial-life-14

Tipping And Residential Segregation: A Unified Schelling Model

Zhang, Junfu (2011) Journal of Regional Science 51 (1), 167–193, February 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9787.2010.00671.x "[A]lthough every agent prefers to live in a mixed-race neighborhood, complete segregation is observed almost all of the time."

Neighborhood Choice and Neighborhood Change

[Bruch.Mare-2006-AJS] (Continuous vs threshhold preferences.)

Residential Preferences And Neighborhood Racial Segregation: A Test Of The Schelling Segregation Model,

Clark, W. A. V. (1991) http://smg.media.mit.edu/library/Clark.ResidentialSegregation.pdf Demography 28(1), February, pp 1-19 Empirical evidence in favor of the Schelling model.

Micromotives and Macrobehavior

Schelling, Thomas C. (1978), W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 1978, Chapter 4 (“Sorting and Mixing: Race and Sex”), pages 137-155

Segregation and Strategic Neighborhood Interaction

Barr and Tassier (2008) http://www.palgrave-journals.com/eej/journal/v34/n4/full/eej200826a.html (You can just skim the article, which you will need to access through the AU library, unless you want to read an earlier version: http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jmbarr/NYComp/BarrEEA.pdf)

On the Ecology of Micromotives

[Schelling-1971-PubInt] http://www.nationalaffairs.com/doclib/20080523_197102505aontheecologyofmicromotivesthomascschelling.pdf

On Letting a Computer Help with the Work

[Schelling-1972-notes]

Sorting and Mixing: Race and Sex

[Schelling-1978ch4-Norton] ch. 4

A Simple Implementation of Schelling’s Segregation Model in NetLogo

[Iozzi-2008-Dondena15] ftp://ftp.dondena.unibocconi.it/WorkingPapers/Dondena_WP015.pdf

Simulating the emergence of social order from individual behaviour. In

Nowak, A., & Latané, B. (1993) N. Gilbert & J. Doran (Eds.), Simulating societies: The computer simulation of social phenomena. London: UCL Press. Studies the change of attitudes or beliefs resulting from the action of other individuals; notably showed that the system achieved stable diversity.

Schelling's spatial proximity model of segregation revisited

Pancs, R., & Vriend, N. (2003) (Dpt. of Economics, WP 487). University of London.

Understanding the Social Context of the Schelling Segregation Model

[Clark.Fossett-2008-PNAS] argue that “in a multicultural context, seemingly mild preferences for living with similar neighbors carry the potential to be strong determinants for own race selectivity and residential segregation.”

Additional Segregation Resources

“Home Page for the Schelling Segregation Model: Demonstration Software”

Cook, Christopher, http://www.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/demos/schelling/schellhp.htm

Hotelling Model

Why Do Competitors Open Their Stores Next to One Another?

de Haan, Jac (TedEd) https://ed.ted.com/lessons/why-do-competitors-open-their-stores-next-to-one-another-jac-de-haan

Spatial Competition with Interacting Agents

Ottino-Loffler, Bertrand and Stonedahl, Forrest and Veetil, Vipin P. and Wilensky, Uri, GMU Working Paper in Economics No. 15-62. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2697263 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2697263 (February 23, 2017).

Spatial Competition with Interacting Agents

Ottino-Loffler, Bertrand & Forrest Stonedahl & Vipin Veetil & Uri Wilensky, 2017. International Journal of Microsimulation, International Microsimulation Association, vol. 10(3), pages 75-91.

Introduction to Sugarscape

Tesfatsion (1997)

http://www2.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/EpsteinAxtellSugarscapeBook.LTReview.pdf (A very brief JEL review of the EA book, with the aim of dragging you out of the weeds and giving you more of an overview.)

Bigbee et al. (2007)

[bigbee.etal-2007_terrano] (A Sugarscape replication attempt in Mason.)

Terna (2001)

http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/4/2/9.html (A thought piece on the methods of Sugarscape.)

The Gods of Sugarscape

Science News 150(21), Nov. 1996 http://mathforum.org/library/view/13525.html (A popularized overview of Sugarscape.)

Clay Feet of Sugarscape Gods

Science News 151(3), Jan. 1997

First Generation Multi-Agent Models and Their Upgrades

Vag (2004) http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/114140 (An accessible discussion of some Sugarscape extensions.)

Exploring the Similarities between Economic Theory and Artificial Societies

Horres and Gore (2008) http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~rjg7v/pubs/capstone_08_horres_rgore.pdf (Discussion of Economics and Sugarscape.)

Pearce on Sugarscape

http://www.cs.sjsu.edu/~pearce/modules/lectures/abs/ambient/SugarScape.htm CNP Sugarscape

Sugarscape Applications

Artificial Anasazi

[janssen-2009-jasss]

Celtic Society Simulation

http://celtsimulation.blogspot.com/p/publications.html http://mme2012.opf.slu.cz/proceedings/pdf/092_Machalek.pdf http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-34300-1_13

Theory

Social Coordination Problems in Classical and Marxian Political Economy

[Foley-2020-RevSocEcon]

A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation

[Fehr.Schmidt-1999-QJE] provide a theoretical model of inequity aversion.

Empirics

Sustaining Collective Action in Urban Community Gardens

[Feinberg.etal-2021-JASSS] finds that not all Design Principles lead to higher levels of participation and sanctioning may be counter-productive in certain contexts.

The Second Enclosure Movement and the Construction of the Public Domain. Law and Contemporary Problems 66(1), 33-74.

Boyle, James (2003)

Of men and meadows: Strategies of Alpine Land Use. Anthropological Quarterly 45(3), 132-144.

Netting, Robert (1972)

Decentralized Management of Common Property Resources: Experiments with a Centuries-Old Institution

Casari, M. and Plott C. (2003) Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 51(2), 217-247

The Lobster Gangs of Maine

Acheson, Neal (1988) Hanover, MH: Univ. Pr. of New England

Sharing Clams: Tragedy of an Incomplete Commons

Janmaat, Johannus A. (2005) Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 49(1), 26-51.

‘Conventional’ Theory

Gordon, H. Scott (1954)

The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource. Journal of Political Economy 62(2), 124-142.

Scott, Anthony (1955)

The Fishery: The Objectives of Sole Ownership Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 63, No. 2 (Apr., 1955), 116-124

Weitzman, Martin (1974).

Free Access vs. Private Ownership as Alternative Systems for Managing Common Property., Journal of Economic Theory 8(2), 225-234.

Seabright, Paul (1993).

Managing Local Commons: Theoretical Issues in Incentive Design. Journal of Economic Perspectives 7(4), 113-134.

Dutta, P.K. and Sundaram, R.K. (1993)

The Tragedy of the Commons? Economic Theory 3(3), 413-426.

Game Theoretic Approaches

Dasgupta, P.S. and Heal, G.M. (1979).

Economic Theory and Exhaustible Resources. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 55-78.

Balland, J.M. and Platteau, J.P. (1996).

Halting Degradation of Natural Resources. Is there a Role for Local Communities? Oxford: FAO and Oxford University Press. Chapter 4 (The Unregulated Common Property).

Cooperation: Joint Supply

Modeling Common Property Ownership as a Dynamic Contract.

Caputo, Micheal R. and Lueck, Dean (1994). Natural Resource Modeling 8(1), 225-245.

Common property as an egalitarian share contract.

Lueck, Dean (1994) Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 25(1), 93-108.

Cooperation: Cultural Norms

Normative Multi-Agent Systems

Journal of Applied Logics (Special Issue: Volume 5, Number 2) https://collegepublications.co.uk/ifcolog/

Evolution of Conditional Cooperation under Multilevel Selection

Zhang, Huanren & Matjaž Perc https://www.nature.com/articles/srep23006

The Value of Values and Norms in Social Simulation

Mercuura, Rijk and Virginia Dignumb and Catholijn Jonkerc (2019), Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 22 (1). http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/22/1/9.html DOI: 10.18564/jasss.3929

Behind the market stage where real societies exist Part II: The role of moral norms.

Platteau, Jean Philippe (1994) The Journal of Development Studies 30(4), 753-817.

Collective Action and the Evolution of Social Norms.

Ostrom, Elinor (2000) The Journal of Economic Perspectives 14(3), 137-158.

The Evolution of Social Norms in Common Property Resource Use

Sethi, Rajiv and Somanathan, Eswaran (1996). The American Economic Review 86(4), 766-788.

The Evolution of Trust

http://ncase.me/trust/

Cooperation: Preferences for Fairness

Frans de Waal’s TED Talk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meiU6TxysCg

Theory of Fairness, Reciprocity, and Cooperation. Quarterly Journal of Economics. Quarterly Journal of Economics 114(3), 817-868

Fehr, Ernst and Schmidt, Klaus (1999)

The Economics of Reciprocity, Fairness and Retaliation

Journal of Economic Perspectives. 14(3) Fehr, Ernst and Gächter, Simon (2000)

Twenty Years On: The Evolution of Cooperation Revisited

Hoffmann, Robert. 2000. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 3(2), http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/3/2/forum/l.html

Simulation Models of the Evolution of Cooperation as Proofs of Logical Possibilities. How Useful Are They?

Arnold, Eckhart. 2013. Ethics & Politics 2(XV): 101-38.

Traffic

A Primer for Agent-Based Simulation and Modeling in Transportation Applications

Federal Highway Administration (Publication Number: FHWA-HRT-13-054) https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/ear/13054/index.cfm

Evaluating the Systemic Effects of Automated Mobility-on-Demand Services via Large-scale Agent-Based Simulation of Auto-dependent Prototype Cities

develops and implements "a framework to analyze the systemic impacts of future urban mobility trends and policies" and shows that "AMoD cannibalizes mass transit while increasing vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) and congestion." [Oke.etal-2020-TransportRes] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856420306327

Multiscale Modeling: Application to Traffic Flow

[Banos.Corson.Lang.Marilleau.Taillandier-2017-Elsevier_Banos.Lang.Marilleau]

Altruism

Explaining Altruism. A Simulation-Based Approach and its Limits,

Arnold, Eckhart. 2008. Heusenstamm: ontos Verlag.

Tragedy of the Commons

International Fisheries

The Tragedy of the Commons in International Fisheries: An Empirical Examination

Stephanie F. McWhinnie (2009) Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 57(3), 321–333

From the Lab to the Field: Cooperation among Fishermen.

Jan S., Noussair, C. N., and van Soest, D. (2012) Journal of Political Economy 120(6), 1027-1056

Irrigation

Irrigation Institutions and the Games Irrigators Play: Rule Enforcement without Guards.

Weissing, F. and Ostrom, E. (1991). In: Game Equilibrium Models II: Methods, Morals, and Markets, 188-262. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Irrigation Institutions and the Games Irrigators Play: Rule Enforcement on Government and Farmer-Managed Systems."

Weissing, F. and Ostrom, E. (1993). In: Games in Hierarchies and Networks: Analytical and Empirical Approaches to the Study of Governance Institutions, 387-428. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag; Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.

Forests

The Tragedy of the Park: An Agent-based Model of Endogenous and Exogenous Institutions for Forest Management

[Vallino-2013-EcolSoc] (Associated code is in NetLogo version 4; use netlogo4to6.py to convert.)

Conditional Cooperation and Costly Monitoring Explain Success in Forest Commons Management

Rustagi, D. Engel, S. and Kosfeld, M. (2010) Science 330, 961-965.

Using Artefactual Field Experiments to Learn about the Incentives for Sustainable Forest Use in Developing Economies

Voors M., Bulte E., Kontoleon A., List J.A. and Turley T. (2011) The American Economic Review 101(3), 329-333

Experiments in Rent Dissipation and Solutions

Rent Dissipation in a Limited Access Common-pool Resource

[Walker.Ostrom-1990-JEnvEcMan]

Institutions Influence Preferences: Evidence from a Common Pool Resource Experiment

Rodriguez-Sickert, C., Guzmán, R. A., and Cárdenas, J. C. (2008) Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 67(1), 215-227.

Lab Experiments for the Study of Social-Ecological Systems

Janssen, M.A., Holahan, R. Lee, A. and Ostrom, E. (2010) Science 328 (5978), 613-617

The Tragedy Of The Commons Revisited: The Importance Of Group Decision-making

Gillet J., Schram A., Sonnemans J. (2009) Journal of Public Economics 93 (5), 785-797.

What Motivates Common Pool Resource Users? Experimental Evidence From The Field

Velez, M. A., Stranlund J. K. and Murphy J. J. (2009) Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 70(3), 485-497

Climate Change

Three essays on agent-based modelling and adaptation to climate change

S. Balbi 2011

An agent-based model of the Earth system & climate change

Yassine Baghoussi, P. Campos, R. Rossetti 2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)

Evolutionary Climate-Change Modelling: A Multi-Agent Climate-Economic Model

Sylvie Geisendorf 2018 again updates Janssen’s “battle of perspectives”

The impact of personal beliefs on climate change: the “battle of perspectives” revisited

Sylvie Geisendorf 2016 updates Janssen’s “battle of perspectives”

Reviewing Agent-Based Modelling of Socio-Ecosystems: A Methodology for the Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainability

S. Balbi, C. Giupponi 2009

Verifying agent-based models with steady-state analysis

J. E. Gentile, Gregory J. Davis, Samuel S. C. Rund Comput. Math. Organ. Theory 2012 applies steady-state techniques to an ecological model of the reproductive dynamics of mosquitoes.

The Effect of Green Investments in an Agent-Based Climate-Economic Model

Sylvie Geisendorf, Christian Klippert Environmental Modeling & Assessment 2017

Inequality Studies (basic background)

Podcast: How Science Can Tackle Inequality by Nature Magazine

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01721-z

Video by Data Demystified (Jeff Galak): The American Dream is a Lie

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjhvExRgD5w shows that parent circumstances affects their children's life prospects, but also that education matters a lot.

Video by Veritasium (Derek Muller): Is Success Luck or Hard Work?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LopI4YeC4I

Measuring Inequality

Before reading these, see the Lecture Notes on the Gini Coefficient.

Modeling Income Distributions and Lorenz Curves by D. Chotikapanich

Video by Data Demystified (Jeff Galak): The Data Behind Wealth Inequality

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmW_q5dmosM stresses the difference between the mean and the median.

Blinder Model

Blinder Model

Lecture Notes

A Model of Inherited Wealth

[Blinder-1973-QJE] (do not worry about the technical details)

Financial Accumulation Process

Wealth Inequality and the Financial Accumulation Process

[Isaac-2021-EEJ]

Inequality, Mobility and the Financial Accumulation Process: A Computational Economic Analysis

[Biondi.Righi-2019-JEIC]

Multiplicative Growth and Inequality

by Rupert Nagler

NetLogo code: http://modelingcommons.org/browse/one_model/6200

Investment Talent and the Pareto Wealth Distribution: Theoretical and Experimental Analysis

[Levy.Levy-2003-REStat]

Inheritance and Chance

Wealth Distribution Model (Info tab)

NetLogo Models Library. (This model is an adaptation of the Epstein and Axtell (1996) Sugarscape model.)

Yunker (1999)

[Yunker-1999-JPKE]

Yunker Model

Lecture Slides

Isaac (2008)

[Isaac-2008-JPKE]

Entrepreneurs, Chance, and the Deterministic Concentration of Wealth

[Fargione.Lehman.Polasky-2011-PLOSONE]

Simulating the Transmission of Wealth Inequality via Bequests

[Gokhale.Kotlikoff.Sefton.Weale-2001-JPubEc]

• [Axtell.Axelrod.Epstein.Cohen-1996-CMOT]

• [Wilensky.Rand-2007-JASSS]

Asset Exchange Models

The Surplus Theory of Social Stratification and the Size Distribution of Personal Wealth

[Angle-1986-SocialForces] offers an early, readable contribution to the sociophysics of wealth inequality. In the process, he anticipates many later contributions to econophysics.

“Wealth Condensation in a Simple Model of the Economy”

[Bouchaud.Mezard-2000-PhysicaA] Early, technical contribution to the econophysics of wealth.

Follow the Money

[Hayes-2002-AmSci] describes a “yard-sale” model of the wealth distribution, in the econophysics tradition. Includes a survey of prominent work in econophysics.

Wealth Distributions in Asset Exchange Models

[Ispolatov.Krapivsky.Redner-1998-EurPhysB]

Wealth Distributions in Asset Exchange Models

[Krapivsky.Redner-2010-arXiv]

Statistical Mechanics of Money

[Dragulescu.Yakovenko-2000-EurPhysB]_

Gambler’s Ruin

Agent-Based Macroeconomics

Why Do We Need Agent-Based Macroeconomics?

[Cincotti.Raberto.Teglio-2022-RevEvolPolitEcon]

Special Issue. Agent-based Macroeconomics In Era Of Global Crises: Innovative Policy Measures For An Adaptive Resilient Economy

Review of Evolutionary Political Economy Volume 3, issue 1, April 2022 (Issue editors: Silvano Cincotti and Marco Raberto and Andrea Teglio )

Distributional Effects of Technological Regime Changes: Hysteresis, Concentration and Inequality Dynamics

[Dawid.Hepp-2022-RevEvolPolitEcon])

From Econophysics to Macroeconomics

Exploring the Social-Architecture Model

[Isaac-2018-EEJ]_

The Physical Modeling of Society: A Historical Perspective

[Ball-2002-PhysicaA]

Implicit Microfoundations for Macroeconomics

[Wright-2009-Economics]

Statistical Equilibrium Wealth DIstributions in an Exchange Economy with Stochastic Preferences

[Silver.Slud.Takamoto-2002-JET]

Population Dynamics

Synthetic Population Dynamics: A Model of Household Demography

[Geard_etal-2013-JASSS]

Agent-Based Computational Demography

[Billari.Prskawetz-2003-PhysicaVerlag]

Two Lectures on the Checks to Population

Lloyd, W. F. Delivered before the University of Oxford, in Michaelmas Term 1832, J.H. Parker, Oxford, 1833, pp. 30–40.

Additional Resources

DA-MAOS (RepastJ/Java, open source) by Nanpeng Yu and Ian Guffy:

a double-auction market platform with learning by heterogeneous traders, which can be zero-intelligence traders http://www.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/demos/DAMAOS/DAMAOSHomePage.htm

Innovation Networks

Innovation Networks: New Approaches in Modelling and Analyzing

Andreas Pyka

Cooperation

Expectations of Fairness and Trust Co-Evolve in Environments of Partial Information

[Rauwolf.Bryson-2018-DynGamesAppl]

Social Dilemmas

Evolution of Cooperation

Twenty Years on: The Evolution of Cooperation Revisited

[Hoffmann-2000-JASSS]

Simulating Evolutionary Games: A Python-Based Introduction

[Isaac-2008-JASSS]

The Algebra of Assortative Encounters and the Evolution of Cooperation

Bergstrom, Ted (2003) International Game Theory Review, 5(03), 211-228.

Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups

Boyd, R. and Richerson, P. J. (1992). Ethology and sociobiology, 13(3), 171-195.

Scale-free networks provide a unifying framework for the emergence of cooperation.

Santos, F. C., & Pacheco, J. M. (2006). Physical Review Letters, 95(9), 98–104.

The Role of Diversity in the Evolution of Cooperation

Santos, F. C., Pinheiro, F. L., Lenaerts, T., & Pacheco, J. M. (2012). Journal of Theoretical Biology, 299, 88–96.

Review of R. Axelrod, "The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration"

Binmore, K. (1998) Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 1998 http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/1/1/review1.html Binmore is a prominent game-theorist. This is a critical review of Axelrod's seminal work.

From extortion to generosity, evolution in the iterated prisoner’s dilemma.

Stewart, A. J., & Plotkin, J. B. (2013). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(38), 15348–15353.

Ethnocentrism

The Evolution of Ethnocentrism

[Hammond.Axelrod-2006-JConRes]

Making Models Match: Replicating an Agent-Based Model

[Wilensky.Rand-2007-JASSS]

Market Games and Zero-Intelligence Traders

Near-Zero Intelligence Traders

The Impact of Heterogeneous Trading Rules on the Limit Order Book and Order Flows

[Chiarella.Iori.Perello-2002-JEDC]

A Simulation Analysis of the Microstructure of Double Auction Markets

[Chiarella.Iori-2002-QuantFin]

Introduction to Networks

Opinion Dynamics

Podcast by DataSkeptic: Opinion Dynamics Models featuring Dino Carpentras

https://dataskeptic.com/blog/episodes/2023/opinion-dynamics-models

Ants, Rationality, and Recruitment

[Kirman-1993-QJE]

The Dissemination of Culture

[Axelrod-1997-JConRes]

Video: Narrative Economics

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wy8iiC2Mqso

Cascades Across Networks Are Sufficient for the Formation of Echo Chambers: An Agent-Based Model

[Franken.Pilditch-2021-JASSS]

Validating Simulation Models: The Case of Opinion Dynamics

[Troitzsch-2021_Rudas-2021]

Modeling and Simulation of Opinion Natural Reversal Dynamics with Opinion Leader Based on HK Bounded Confidence Model

[Xiao_Yu_Hou-2020-Complexity] extend the Hegselmann and Krause bounded confidence model.

Opinion Dynamics Model Based on Cognitive Biases of Complex Agents

[Sobkowicz-2018-JASSS] considers the role of confirmation bias and politically motivated reasoning.

Epidemiology

Agent-Based Social Simulation of the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

[Lorig.Johansson.Davidsson-2021-JASSS]

The TRACE Model

Testing Responses through Agent-based Computational Epidemiology (TRACE) is an agent-based model developed by Brookings and WUStL. https://www.brookings.edu/about-trace/

Modeling COVID-19 for Lifting Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions},

[Koehler.Slater.Jacyna.Thompson-2021-JASSS]

Spatial Agent-Based Simulation Modeling in Public Health: Design, Implementation, and Applications for Malaria Epidemiology

Arifin, S. M. Niaz

Banking Networks

Complexity, Concentration and Contagion

[Gai.Haldane.Kapadia-2011-JME] (contagion via interbank lending links)

Contagion in Financial Networks

[Gai.Kapadia-2010-ProcRoySoc] (contagion via interbank lending links)

LeBaron implementation of Gai & Kapadia (2010)

http://people.brandeis.edu/~blebaron/classes/agentfin/GaiKapadia.html

Out of the Corridor: Keynes and the Crisis

[Leijonhufvud-2009-CamJE]

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Modelling to Contain Pandemics

[Epstein-2009-Nature] https://www.nature.com/articles/460687a

Concurrent Sexual Partnerships and Primary HIV Infection: A Critical Interaction

[Eaton.Hallett.Garnett-2011-AidsBeh] http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-010-9787-8 (Partnership networks and HIV transmission.)

Kretzschmar and Morris (1996)

[kretzschmar.morris-1996-mathbiosci]

Mah and Halperin (2010)

[mah.halperin-2010-aidsbeh]

Patlolla et al. (2006)

[Patlolla.etal-2006-LNCS]

Perez and Dragicevic

[Perez.Dragicevic-2009-IJHG]

Climate Change

An Agent-Based Model of the Earth System & Climate Change

Yassine Baghoussi ; Pedro J. R. M. Campos ; Rosaldo J. F. Rossetti https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7580788

Background: Core Issues

Why Don't Wages Fall During a Recession?

Truman Bewley, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999. (Data intensive; interview based.)

Agent-Based Models of the Labor Market

[Neugart.Richiardi-2018-Handbook]

Labour Market Adjustment: Microeconomic Foundations of Short-Run Neoclassical and Keynesian Dynamics

Christopher A. Pissarides, Cambridge University Press, April 2009.

Labor Institutions and Market Performance: An Agent-Based Computational Economics Approach

Leigh Tesfatsion

Includes an unemployment benefits study.

Early Work:

"Micro-to-Macro Simulation: A Primer with a Labor Market Example" (implemented in Fortran)

Barbara Bergmann Journal of Economic Perspectives 4(1), Winter 1990, 99-116.

War of the Models: Which Labour Market Institutions for the 21st Century?

Richard B. Freeman, Labour Economics Vol. 5, No. 1, 31 March 1998, 1-24. (No model, but discusses "artificial agent simulated societies".)

Popular Discussions

Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future

Martin Ford, Basic Books, NY, 2015.

Policy

"Labor Market Policy Evaluation with ACE"

Michael Neugart, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 67(2), 2008, 418-430. Evaluates the macro effects impact of labor policy, including government-financed training. These increase the outflow rate from unemployment to employment, but with distributional effcts. Shows that estimating the outflow rate is biased unless response to policy is included.

Referral Networks

Emerging Small-World Referral Networks in Evolutionary Labor Markets

Troy Tassier and Filippo Menczer, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Volume 5, Number 5, October 2001, 482-492.

Potential workers expend effort in both social network formation and direct job search, producing a "small world network" with misaligned search effort.

Social Network Structure, Segregation, and Equality in a Labor Market with Referral Hiring

Troy Tassier and Filippo Menczer, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 66 (2008), 514-528. Focus is on groups rather than individuals. Finds that "more random social networks yield higher employment rates than less random social networks if the population is integrated or information flows about job vacancies are random."

Labor Market Implications of Weak Ties

[Tassier-2006-SEJ] demonstrates that “the range of social connections provided by weak ties has a significant and economically meaningful effect on income.”

Search and Matching

Structure, Behavior, and Market Power in an Evolutionary Labor Market with Adaptive Search

Leigh Tesfatsion, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 25 (2001), pp. 419-457.

Abstract: This study undertakes a systematic experimental investigation of the relationship between market power and labor market structure (concentration and capacity conditions) when workers and employers preferentially match based on past worksite experiences. For each tested market structure, workers and employers repeatedly seek preferred worksite partners based on continually updated expected utility, engage in efficiency-wage worksite interactions modeled as prisoner's dilemma games, and evolve their worksite behaviors over time. A key finding is the presence of strong learning and network effects. Each tested market structure maps into a "spectral" distribution of observed interaction networks exhibiting one dominant attractor (frequent network pattern) with one or two weaker attractors (less frequent network patterns). Market structure is strongly predictive for the relative market power of workers and employers across all network attractors, but the magnitudes of the market power levels attained by workers and employers vary widely across the network attractors.

A Search Model of Unemployment and Firm Dynamics

Matteo Richiardi Advances in Complex Systems 7 (2004), 1-19.

Toward a Non-Equilibrium Unemployment Theory

Matteo Richiardi Computational Economics 27 (2006), 135-160.

Stratification and Growth in Agent-Based Matching Markets

James W. Boudreau, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 75 (2010): 168-179.

On the Effects of Skill Upgrading in the Presence of Spatial Labor Market Frictions: An Agent-Based Analysis of Spatial Policy Design

Herbert Dawid, Simon Gemkow, Simon, Philipp Harting, and Michael Neugart, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 12 (2009): 5.

Skills, Innovation, and Growth: An Agent-Based Policy Analysis

Herbert Dawid, Simon Gemkow, Philipp Harting, Kordian Kabius, and Michael Neugart, Journal of Economics and Statistics 228 (2008), 251-275.

Referral Hiring, Endogenous Social Networks, and Inequality: An Agent-Based Analysis

Simon Gemkow and Michael Neugart, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 21 (2011), 703-719.

WorkSim: A Calibrated Agent-Based Model of the Labor Market Accounting for Workers' Stocks and Gross Flows

Olivier Goudet, Jean-Daniel Kant, and Gérard Ballot, Computational Economics, 2016, DOI 10.1007/s10614-016-9577-0.

Abstract: "This paper presents an agent-based model of the labor market. It simulates the market in the recent period at the aggregate level and at the level of the principal categories of labor, on the basis of the decisions of heterogeneous agents, firms and individuals, who interact. These decisions rely on individual computations of profits and utilities, although rationality is bounded in such a complex environment. The theoretical structure that underlies the decisions is the search concept. We apply this framework to the case of France in 2011."

Shocks and Endogenous Institutions: An Agent-Based Model of Labor Market "Performance in Turbulent Times

Christian Martin and Michael Neugart, Computational Economics 33(1), 2009, 31-46. Available through Springerlink.

Abstract: This study develops an agent-based model of labor market regulation to study the consequences of employment protection legislations for labor market performance. Unlike most of the existing studies of labor market regulation, the institutional setting is endogenized. Workers cast their vote on labor market regulation depending on the past payoffs that they accrued when one of two competing parties with different labor market policy platforms was in power. Important interactions are identified with exogenous shocks. In more turbulent economic times, employment protection systems can affect labor market performance for some periods even after the shock has subsided.

Job Information Networks, Neighborhood Effects and Inequality

Yannis M. Ioannides and Linda D. Loury, Journal of Economic Literature 42 (2004), 1056-1093.

Rule-Based Modeling of Labor Market Dynamics

Clemens Kühn and Katja Hillmann, Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination 2014. DOI 10.1007/s11403-014-0139-z.

Abstract: The authors introduce rule-based modeling as a novel approach to the agent-based modeling of labor market dynamics. They demonstrate that BioNetGen, an implementation of rule-based modeling, can efficiently describe socio-economic interactions and that it compares favorably to other agent-based software.

Emergence Videos

Video: Emergence (Complexity Labs, 2015)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pooxD8XF5Uw

Video: Bill Rand discusses the flocking model

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z8Wf1vF_xgQ

Video: The Complexity of Emergent Systems

(Joe Simkins at TEDxColumbus, 2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htmntSoCasg

Video: Emergence & Systems Thinking (Complexity Labs, 2017):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KN6SaRmF_8c

Kurzgesagt (2017)

Emergence – How Stupid Things Become Smart Together https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16W7c0mb-rE

Video: Emergence (2007) by PBS/NOVA/scienceNOW

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nu7Zcj8HGUk or https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/emergence featuring John Holland.

Emergence

The Standing Ovation Problem

[Miller.Page-2004-Complexity]

Varieties of Emergence

[Gilbert-2002_Macal.Sallach] https://ccl.northwestern.edu/2002/Gilbert_ABM_Agent2002.pdf

Emergent Properties of Balinese Water Temple Networks: Coadaptation on a rugged fitness landscape

Lansing, J. Stephen Lansing and James N. Kremer.

Artificial Societies: Multiagent systems and the micro-macro link in sociological theory

Sawyer, R. Keith.

Computational Models of Emergent Properties

John Symons

"Emergent Properties",

O'Connor, Timothy and Wong, Hong Yu, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Emergence: From Chaos to Order

Holland, John, (1999)

Micromotives and Macrobehaviors.

Schelling, Thomas,

Making sense of emergence.

Kim, Jaegwon (1999). Philosophical Studies 95 (1-2), p. 3-36.

Emergence: Core ideas and issues.

Kim, Jaegwon (2006). Synthese 151 (3):547-559.

Mill: Of the Composition of Causes.

http://www.isnature.org/Files/Mill1859-Composition_of_Causes.htm Book 3, Ch. 6

Dynamic Social Impact: Robust Predictions from Simple Theory.

Latané, Bibb, (1996). pp. 287-310, In: Hegselmann R., Mueller U., Troitzsch K.G. (eds), Modelling and Simulation in the Social Sciences from the Philosophy of Science Point of View. Theory and Decision Library (Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences), vol 23. Springer, Dordrecht

Emergence: Background

This section includes some philsophy and physics.

Emergence and Supervenience

McLaughlin, Brian, Intellectica, 1997/2, 25, pp. 25-43

Metaphysical Emergence: Weak and Strong.

Jessica M. Wilson, In Tomasz Bigaj & Christian Wuthrich (eds.), Metaphysics in Contemporary Physics. Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities. pp. 251-306 (2015) (Draft: http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/11200/1/MEWaS-PS.pdf)

Problems of Life and Mind

Lewes

Studies in the Logic of Explanation,

Hempel and Oppenheim, Philosophy of Science, Vol. 15, No. 2. (Apr., 1948), pp. 135-175.

Emerging from the causal drain.

Richard Corry (2013). Philosophical Studies 165 (1):29-47.

Making room for the mental.

Louise M. Antony (1999). Philosophical Studies95 (1-2):37-44.

Kim on emergence.

Sydney Shoemaker (2002). Philosophical Studies 58 (1-2):53-63.Feb 27:

The Sciences of the Artificial.

Simon, Herbert,

"Aggregativity: reductive heuristics for finding emergence."

Wimsatt, William C. (1997). Philosophy of Science S372-S384.

"More is different."

Anderson, Philip, Science 177.4047 (1972): 393-396.Mar 6:

“Less is Different: Emergence and Reduction Reconsidered",

Butterfield, Jeremy (2010), Foundations of Physics

Crutchfield, James (1994).

Is Anything Ever New? Considering Emergence. WorkingPaper 94-03-011, Santa Fe Institute

Emergence Is Coupled to Scope, Not Level

Ryan, Alex J. (2007). Complexity13, 67-77Mar 13:

Is Weak Emergence Just in the Mind?

Bedau, Mark A. (2008) Minds and Machines 18, pp. 443-459.

Computational models of emergent properties,

Symons, John.(2008) Minds and Machines 18.4 (2008): 475--549

Emergence Explained: Abstractions: Getting Epiphenomena to Do Real Work.

Abbott, Russ (2006) Complexity 12, 13-26

Synchronic and Diachronic Emergence

Humphreys, Paul (2008) Minds and Machines, 18, pp. 431-442

Emergence, Not Supervenience

Humphreys, Paul (1997) Philosophy of Science. S337-S345

How Properties Emerge.

Humphreys, Paul (1997) Philosophy of Science 1-17, Apr 10

Explanation, Emergence, and Quantum Entanglement

Hütteman, A. (2005): Philosophy of Science 72, 114-127.

Emergents from Fusion

Wong, Hong Yu (2006) Philosophy of Science 73

Emergence, Reduction, and Supervenience: A Varied Landscape

Butterfield, Jeremy (2010) Foundations of Physics

Emergence: Logical, Functional and Dynamical

Sandra Mitchell, (2012) Synthese 185 (2), March pp. 171-186

Nonlinearity and Metaphysical Emergence

Jessica M. Wilson (2013). In Stephen Mumford & Matthew Tugby (eds.), Metaphysics and Science.May 1

Physicalism, Supervenience, and the Fundamental Level

Brown, Robin and James Ladyman (2009). The Philosophical Quarterly 59, pp. 20-38

Emergence, Downwards Causation, and the Completeness of Physics

Yates, David (2009). The Philosophical Quarterly 59, pp. 110-131.

Electricity Markets

Studying Dynamic Pricing in Electrical Power Markets with Distributed Generation: Agent-Based Modeling and Reinforcement-Learning Approach

Gasser G. Ali, Islam H. El-adaway, Charles Sims, J. Scott Holladay, Chien-Fei Chen, Journal of Energy Engineering, vol.148, no.5, 2022.

Computational Details

The Ghost in the Model (and Other Effects of Floating Point Arithmetic)

[Polhill.etal-2005-JASSS]

Replication

“Making Models Match: Replicating an Agent-Based Model”

[Wilensky.Rand-2007-JASSS]

Software Verification

Software Verification and Validation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verification_and_validation_%28software%29

Software Testing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_testing

Ho (2007)

http://boscoh.com/protein/a-sign-a-flipped-structure-and-a-scientific-flameout-of-epic-proportions.html A Sign, A Flipped Structure, And A Scientific Flameout Of Epic Proportions

Agent-Based and Individual-Based Modeling: A Practical Introduction

[Railsback.Grimm-2019-PrincetonUP] ch. 6 Testing NetLogo programs.

Collaborative Programming

The Case for Collaborative Programming

[Nosek-1998-CommunicationsACM]

Pair Programming

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_programming

Version Control

http://swcarpentry.github.io/git-novice/01-basics/index.html

High Performance Computing

Multi-core CPUs, Clusters, and Grid Computing: A Tutorial

[Creel.Goffe-2008-ComputEcon]

User-friendly Parallel Computations with Econometric Examples

[Creel-2005-ComputEcon]

Massively Parallel Computation of Spatial Price Equilibrium Problems as Dynamical Systems

[Nagurney.Takayama.Zhang-1995-JEDC]

Judd, K. L. (2006)

Computationally Intensive Analyses in Economics, Handbook of Computational Economics, Volume 2: Agent-Based Modeling, ed. by Leigh Tesfatsion & Kenneth L. Judd, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 2006, Ch. 2.